On the Effect on the Optical Cable Degradation Cycle of the Method of Restoring Communication by Connecting the Cable at the Breakage Point

During operation, various factors affect the fiber optic cable, which lead to failures. It is generally assumed that the weakest link in an optical cable is fiber, and therefore it is fiber failures that are considered in the article. The warranty period of the fiber, which is set by the manufacturer, is 25 years. Currently, on many sections of the routes where the optical cable is laid, its service life already exceeds the warranty period, and the question arises of replacing it with a new one. As a rule, the service life of an optical cable exceeds the warranty period, because the cable is subject to maintenance and repair during operation. This article proposes a method for calculating the degradation cycle of a fiber-optic cable, which determines the time of its replacement with a new one, taking into account the effect of gradual and sudden failures. The reason for the gradual failures is the aging of the optical cable and the increase in signal attenuation, resulting in a degradation failure (a decrease in the level of the received signal below the critical one), which leads to the replacement of the optical cable. The appearance of a sudden failure caused by outside interference is accompanied by repair work on connecting the cable at the breakage point. The appearance of each new connection leads to an additional attenuation of the signal and a reduction in the degradation cycle time. To detect sudden failures, periodic monitoring of the fiber technical condition is carried out. Within the framework of the proposed methodology, it is assumed that the degradation cycle of an optical cable is divided into degradation states of a certain duration, which, in turn, consist of intervals for checking the condition of the optical fiber in the cable. At the same time, mathematical models using semi-Markov processes are considered, reflecting the state of an optical cable during one testing period, in one degradation state, and on a degradation cycle. Expressions and dependencies have also been obtained showing how sudden and gradual failures affect the reduction of the duration of the opyical cable degradation cycle.

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