The basic concepts of the modern radar systems construction are considered in this review. Emphasis is placed on the configuration and structure of passive and passive-active devices in the short wavelength region of radio waves. Specific embodiments of passive radars, which specifications are published in the public papers, have been described. The basic directions of the estimated development of this class of devices are formulated.

Promising areas of application of information technologies on the basis of dynamic chaos for transmission, processing, storage and information security are considered. On the basis of the nonlinear systems with dynamic chaos, discrete chaotic algorithms with a high information capacity are developed and investigated. The analysis of structural complexity as well as statistical and correlated characteristics of the pseudorandom integer sequences is carried out. The developed coding chaotic algorithms can be effectively used in various radio engineering and telecommunication systems as well as in a radiolocation and navigation.

This paper considers modern detectors in the far-infrared and terahertz ranges to create additional channel for optical detection of objects in passive mode. Particular attention is paid to the matrix photonic detectors on the basis of solid PbSnTe:In solutions. The results are given indicating the fundamental possibility of creating a photonic detector. The absorption by band-band transitions must be used in such detectors. The results on development of monolithic photodetector equipment and threshold characteristics of detectors are analyzed.

The modem radio engineering is based on the classical theory of an integer-valued measure and integer-valued calculus. Classical detectors and their mathematical supply have virtually reached its saturation and limit. Use of the Theory of Fractals is amply considered on new concrete examples in modern fundamental radio physical directions. With this fractal approach signals and fields description and processing are carried exclusively in the space of fractional measure by using scaling hypothesizes and distributions with heavy tails.

This paper deals with application of emerging radar technologies of radars adaptive interaction operating at different frequency bands for the measurement of the longitudinal size of a target. A two-stage measurement method is proposed allowing the task to be completed in a considerably reduced time.

The paper discusses the possibility of employing emerging multiband radar integration technologies to increase the capacity of the programmed scan radar which is part of a multiband radar system. Implementation-related factors influencing the capacity of the programmed scan radar are considered. Methods are proposed to reduce this influence complemented by quantitative estimations.

As a part of one of the ways to build passive radar system using digital TV broadcasting radiation systems as backlight, the method of position location of moving aerial objects was proposed. It is necessary to measure the angles of arrival of the reflected radiation and Doppler frequency for positioning determination.

In this paper, the problem of locating third-dimensional target data within multi-position radar system is considered. The algorithm suitable for implementation on PC is developed.

This paper presents a brief review of experimental studies in the field of quantum cryptography and data transmission by single photons. A description of two experimental setups intended for quantum key distribution in atmospheric and fiber-optic quantum channels as well as for the experimental results on quantum key distribution is considered.

The selected results of application of the theory of fractals, dynamical chaos, scaling effects and fractional operators in fundamental problems of radiolocation, radio physics, radio engineering, antennas theory and electronics are presented in this paper. The author has been investigating these issues exactly for 35 years. The fractal radio systems conception, sampling topology, global fractal-scaling approach and the fractal paradigm lie in the basis of the scientific direction established by the author for the first time in Russia and all over the world. The results of great practical and scientific importance obtained by the author were published in four summary reports of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2008, 2010, 2012, 2013) and in the report for the Government of the Russian Federation (2012).

This paper considers methods of subsurface radar sensing to detect subsurface objects using aircrafts. Four main technologies were identified and analyzed on the basis of ultra-wideband signals, usage of special sensing geometry with the angle of signal incidence near Brewster angle, usage of rotating antennas as well as sensing based on polarization resonances.

In this paper, advanced processing method of fully polarimetric radar signals is described. The method is implemented in supershort-pulse radar model. Possibility of increasing radar in-formativity is also shown.

This article is devoted to details of scientific technology reserve in radar armament area and methodology of its forming. Proposals for creation of rational version of scientific research staff are presented, taking into account financial constraints.

The advantage of conformal antennas for defensive and economic tasks using unmanned aerial vehicles are shown. The example of the design of conformal antennas UAV is presented.

The results for creation a dual-band radar are presented. It is shown that the creation of scalable radar allows for multi-tasking and multi-band radar small acceptable cost that can solve the challenges of a defensive nature, including problems arising in local conflicts, as well as the fight against terrorism.

In this paper, the analysis of patent activity in the ultra-long infrared wavelengths in terms of advanced radar technology in accordance with the period of technology generation change (for the last 15 years) was carried out. It is shown that almost linear growth in the number of NATO, Japan, and China patents began in this period. This trend is not apparent in Russia as the number of Russian patents in this field is much less than the number of patents in the US, China, Japan and, the EU countries.

In this paper, the technology of creating a coherent radio system based on frequency synthesizers with double transformation frequency and a reference oscillator is considered.

In this paper, basic approaches to development of active phased antenna arrays (APAA) for radar systems and the ways of their technical and exploitation characteristics improvement using radio-photonic technologies are considered. APAA subsystems are specified where radiophotonic technologies give tangible benefits. Examples of APAA radio-photonic elements implementation are illustrated.

In this paper, multimode fiber optic radiation pattern is investigated. Characteristic properties of the light beam intensity redistribution between the end of optic fiber and photodetector are researched illustrated by optic pressure sensors.

Prospects of using local radio-navigation systems based on multi-static radars as noise-immune autonomous alternative to global navigation satellite systems in the analysis of potential accuracy of object navigation in local radio-navigation fields taking into account the use of on-board inertial navigation system are considered.