The short summary of high frequency Si-MOSFET developed with help the scaling is described. For next step speed-performance enhancment is needed using semiconductor which has mobility more than Si. The most suitable material for this aims is Ge. The comparison recent date with result has published in papers Institute of Semiconductor Physics SBRAS many years ago.

Peculiarities of currents in PbSnTe:In at helium temperatures without and under illumination that excites the band-to-band transitions and electron transitions from the localized centers to the conductivity band are discussed. The transformation of the voltage-current characteristics is considered as a function of the strength and direction of the magnetic field. The results obtained are discussed on the basis of the model taking into consideration the ferroelectric phase transition at T≈20 K, low concentration of equilibrium charge carriers and the predominance of the injection current limited by the space charge in the presence of the electron traps

With the use of the 3D molecular quasistatic simulation (at zero temperature) and simulation in frame of 2D Frenkel-Kontorova model, we study the misfit accommodation at a copper/sapphire interface. Our results give a natural explanation of the apparent absence of coherency of the interface observed in the high resolution electron microscopy.

The relation «composition - structure - property» for a set of more then 160 simple and binary noncentrosymmetric aluminate crystals is considered. These crystals are distributed on the plane of the shortest chemical bond lengths metal-oxygen over an area, covered by a rosette of three ellipses. The distribution of ferroelastic and paraelastic aluminates having measurable level of nonlinear optical susceptibility is different. It is shown that small part of trigonal and monoclinic aluminum-bearing borates and phosphates possess noticeable x(2) level and only three polar crystals related to aluminum iodate family are characterized by pronounced x(2) level.

Available experimental data on refractive indices of lithium niobate are considered as a function of chemical composition. It is shown that extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices of lithium niobate are proportional to parameter k = Li/(Li + Nb) in nonstoichiometric crystals. A method has been proposed for precise determination of k distribution over the crystal wafers.

The designs of sensors for mechanical deformation and displacement measurements, liquid electronic refractometer, a gas sensor, optical DNA-sensor are presented. Sensors are equipped by the digital data acquisition system providing high efficiency of measurements.

The technique was developed for in situ Raman spectroscopic investigation of the processes and reactions at elevated temperatures and vapour pressures. Its performance is demonstrated by the example of the Raman spectra of some highly volatile chlorides being in different states of aggregation.

The structure of crystalline DyCl₃ was investigated by the methods of Raman spectroscopy, synchronic thermal and mass-spectrometric analysis. It has been shown that the monoclinic structure of crystalline dysprosium trichloride does not change in a wide temperature range (from room temperature up to the melting point). Any solid salt phase transitions were not found.

The results of research thermal diffusivity of alloys of systems La-Pr and La-Nd in a solid state at high temperatures are submitted. The technique of realization of researches using a temperature wave is considered. The conclusion about insignificance of size of magnetic scatterings of carriers of energy in the given alloys in the considered range of temperatures is made.

An analysis of experimental heat capacity in а wide area is presented for series of samples (R)Ba₂Cu₃O_6+x (R= Y, Gd, Tm, Ho) with the oxygen maintenance near optimal to value. For all samples the anomaly T_h was discovered which occurred steadily in the interval 250-290 K. The anomaly T_h looks like a phase transition anomaly. It was shown that the anomaly T_h correlates with superconducting anomaly T_c, temperatures T_h and T_c being connected by the ratio T_h ≈ 3T_c, that is interpreted, as temperature «echo». Anomalies at 3T_c were also detected in heat capacity of low temperature superconductors Hg and Nb₃Ge. It allows to assume, that the phenomenon of a temperature «echo», has the general of character, and can be observed not only in cuprate high-temperature superconductors.

In work some unsolved problems of the critical phenomena physics are considered. On the basis of the analysis of precision experimental data it is shown, that: first, in the nearest vicinity of a critical point of pure liquids a transition (the second crossover) from Ising-like critical behavior to mean-field, classical, one takes place; secondly, in pure liquids the transition in the opposite direction (the first crossover) which is expected far from a critical point is experimentally not observed.

Modification of the nonparametric scale equation of state, considering asymmetry of real fluids is proposed. The asymmetric equation in reduced form for variables of density (ρ - ρ_c)/ρ_c and temperature (T - T_c)/T_c adequately describes Р-ρ-Т data and a thermal capacity near to critical points of fluids. The equation is received on the basis of a proposed method used previously for a derivation of the symmetric nonparametric equation of state, with use of scaling fields mixing (Pokrovski transformations). Approximation of Р-ρ-Т data on⁴Не, SF₆ and isobutane in critical area with using of new equation of state shows what quite enough to consider the asymmetry on density in terms of the equation. Calculation of asymmetry of boundary curves with using constants of the asymmetric equation of state corresponds to a course of «the law of rectilinear diameter» for saturation curves in the given liquids not only in asymptotic area, but also in enough far on density from a critical point (|(ρ - ρ_c)/ρ_c| < 0.5). The proposed asymmetric equation of state describes Р-ρ-Т data in critical area with the same error or it is better, than with using of the symmetric equation of state, however number fitting constants for the asymmetric equation is more on two constants of Pokrovski transformation than for the symmetric equation. The new equation keeps advantages of simplicity of application to describe Р-ρ-Т data unlike the parametrical equations of state on the basis of Schofield linear model.

We performed experimental investigation of the temperature dependences of concentrations of the coexisting phases along liquid-liquid equilibrium lines of n-hexane-perfluorohexane (C₆H₁₄-C₆F₁₄) and n-heptane-perfluorohexane (C₇H₁₆-C₆F₁₄) binary systems with a miscibility gap. Furthermore, we investigated the temperature dependences of liquid and gas densities along saturation lines for pure perfluorobenzene (C₆F₆), pentafluorobenzene (C₆F₅H), perfluorohexane (C₆F₁₄), perfluorooctane (C₈F₁₈), and refrigerant R-236ea (CF₃-CHF-CHF₂). The measurements were performed in the temperature interval from 293 K up to the gas-liquid critical point or to the critical mixing point. The gamma-ray attenuation technique was used. The critical parameters (temperature, density, concentration) and critical indexes of the coexisting curves were determined with a high precision. An analysis of the obtained results confirms the existence of the contradiction mentioned in the literature between the experiments and scaling theory, which suggests universality of the critical exponents.

The results of studying liquid-vapor phase equilibrium of butyl alcohols in the temperature and density ranges 307.37 - 563.05 K and 61.9 - 795.0 kg/m³, respectively, are presented in this work. The experiments were performed by the method of thermograms with the use of a constant volume high-temperature adiabatic calorimeter. Critical exponent β and critical amplitudes for the coexistence curves of all butyl alcohols were obtained on the basis of scaling equations. The results were used for calculating the specific enthalpy of vaporization of butyl alcohols.

Within the framework of offered before two-fluid model of a pseudogap state in cuprates the hypothesis about a crucial role of inhomogeneities and deviations from stoichiometricity of systems in this state is formulated. The mechanism of occurrence of magnetic states such as spin density waves both above and below of the temperatures of superconductivity transition is offered.

The avalanches of magnetic flux were found in the Josephson arrays (J-arrays) consisting of superconductor - isolator - superconductor (SIS) transitions at the magnetization of SIS-array if T < ~5 К. Avalanches have stochastic character and arise, when the penetration depth of a magnetic field in a lattice (λ) is compared to the edge length of a J-lattice (a) at decrease of temperature. Statistical properties of such avalanches are presented. Distribution of avalanches on their size has a power law behavior with a negative nonintegral exponent of the order of unit that indicates the achievement of the state of self-organized criticality (SOC). J-arrays with the «bad» metal transitions (SNS) do not find out the SOC.

On the basis of the analysis of energy fluctuations of liquid critical clusters during a phase transition the relationship for size of clusters indifferent to temperature fluctuations is deduced and the method of measurement of this size is offered.